胸外科学是一门医学专科，专门研究胸腔内器官，主要指食道、肺部、纵隔病变的诊断及治疗，其中又以肺外科和食道外科为主。

• 肺癌
• 食道癌
• 食道囊肿
• 肺气肿
• 阻塞性肺炎
• 肺部纤维化
• 支气管癌
• 肺心病
• 乳腺癌

Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thorax (the chest)—generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease) and lungs (lung disease). Cardiac surgery (involving the heart and great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs) are separate surgical specialties, except in the USA, Australia, New Zealand, and in some EU countries, such as the UK and Portugal.