资产估值(Asset Valuation )是指评估一项投资组合、一家企业、一项投资或资产负债表项目价值的过程。

EV代表企业价值

企业价值（EV） =市值+（总负债-总现金） =市值+净负债

EBITDA代表未扣除利息、所得税、折旧与摊销前的盈余：

EBITDA=营业利润+折旧费用+摊销费用

其中 营业利润=毛利-营业费用-管理费用

EV/EBITDA估值方法一般适用于资本密集、准垄断或者具有巨额商誉的收购型公司，这样的公司往往因为大量折旧摊销而压低了账面利润；EV/EBITDA还适用于净利润亏损，但毛利、营业利益并不亏损的公司。 EV/EBITDA 估值方法不适用于固定资产更新变化较快公司；净利润亏损、毛利、营业利益均亏损的公司。资本密集、有高负债或大量现金的公司。 EV/EBITDA和市盈率（PE）等相对估值法指标的用法一样，其倍数相对于行业平均水平或历史水平较高通常说明高估，较低说明低估，不同行业或板块有不同的估值（倍数）水平。但EV/EBITDA 较PE有明显优势，首先由于不受所得税率不同的影响，使得不同国家和市场的上市公司估值更具可比性；其次不受资本结构不同的影响，公司对资本结构的改变都不会影响估值，同样有利于比较不同公司估值水平；最后，排除了折旧摊销这些非现金成本的影响（现金比账面利润重要），可以更准确的反映公司价值。但EV/EBITDA更适用于单一业务或子公司较少的公司估值，如果业务或合并子公司数量众多，需要做复杂调整，有可能会降低其准确性。

Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner’s interest in a business. Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to effect a sale of a business. In addition to estimating the selling price of a business, the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation, divorce litigation, allocate business purchase price among business assets, establish a formula for estimating the value of partners' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements, and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock, divorce litigation and estate contest. In some cases, the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation.