巴克特里亚·马尔吉阿纳文明区（英语：Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex）又称阿克瑟斯文明（英语：Oxus civilization）是现代考古学对公元前2300年至公元前1700年一个中亚青铜时代文明的命名。该文明体位于现今土库曼斯坦斯坦、阿富汗北部、伊朗东北部、乌兹别克斯坦南部及塔吉克斯坦斯坦西部，以阿姆河（又称阿克瑟斯）为核心。巴克特里亚·马尔吉阿纳文明体的遗址是由苏联考古学家维克托·萨瑞阿尼迪（Viktor Sarianidi）在1976年发现，并予以命名。巴克特里亚是巴克特拉地区（今巴尔赫）的希腊语名称，位于现今阿富汗北部，而马尔吉阿纳则是马尔古（Margu）的希腊语名称，即是今土库曼斯坦斯坦首都梅尔夫一带。

The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (or BMAC, also known as the Oxus civilization) is the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age civilisation of Central Asia, dated to ca. 2300–1700 BCE, located in present-day northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, centered on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus River). Its sites were discovered and named by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi (1976). Bactria was the Greek name for the area of Bactra (modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan, and Margiana was the Greek name for the Persian satrapy of Margu, the capital of which was Merv, in modern-day southeastern Turkmenistan.