Starting about 5,000 years ago – with better farming techniques like the animal-drawn plow – we get more food production and an even bigger material surplus.

从大约 5,000 年前开始——有了更好的耕作技术，如畜力犁——我们获得了更多的粮食产量和更大的物质盈余。

The Gates letter also talks about a bunch of other investments and innovations that will improve the lives of poor people, like access to mobile banking and better farming practices and online education tools.

信中还谈到了一系列投资和创新，这些投资和创新将改善贫困人口的生活，比如使用移动银行、更好的农业实践和在线教育工具。