阿里斯托布鲁斯一世（？－103年B.C.）希伯来人，犹太国家哈斯莫尼安王朝的国王，统治该犹太国的时间约为西元前104年－西元前103年。从母亲夺回政权的阿里斯扥布鲁斯，在位仅一年，并随即因病去世，不过仍被视作哈斯莫尼安王朝的创始者。

For other people with this name, see Aristobulus (disambiguation) To see other rulers related or affiliated with Aristobulus, see List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers

Judah Aristobulus I (from Greek Ἀριστόβουλος, meaning "best advising"; reigned c. 104 – 103 BC), was the first ruler of the Hasmonean Dynasty to declare himself "king," and was the eldest of the five sons of John Hyrcanus, the previous leader.

Aristobulus was not only just the first king from the Hasmonean lineage, but the first of any Hebrew kings to claim both the high priesthood and the kingship title. The Sadducees and the Essenes were not concerned about the newly titles of Judah, however, the Pharisees were infuriated of the new kingship title as they felt that the kingship can only be from decedents of the Davidic lineage as the Hasmoneans are Levites. The Pharisees began a massive rebellion, but Aristrobulus died before any attempt to depose of him could occur.