反公地悲剧（tragedy of the anticommons）是1998年由美国教授Heller提出的。它是指本应公有的产权由于细分化、私有化导致社会未能充分利用资源的情形。是由公地悲剧产生的衍生词汇。

与公地悲剧中由于资源过度利用所产生的问题相反，反公地悲剧是由于权利者较多，而权利者之间互相妨碍彼此对资源的利用，导致资源无法被充分利用甚至闲置而对社会利益造成损失。两者都是由未能处理好私有产权和公有产权间的关系所产生的问题。

The tragedy of the anticommons is a type of coordination breakdown, in which a single resource has numerous rightsholders who prevent others from using it, frustrating what would be a socially desirable outcome. It is a mirror-image of the older concept of tragedy of the commons, in which numerous rightsholders' combined use exceeds the capacity of a resource and depletes or destroys it. The "tragedy of the anticommons" covers a range of coordination failures including patent thickets, and submarine patents. Overcoming these breakdowns can be difficult, but there are assorted means, including eminent domain, laches, patent pools, or other licensing organizations.