乌拉尔-阿尔泰语系（又称突雷尼语族），过去某些语言学家提议设立的语系。目前通行的方法是分设为两个语系：

这两个语系的具体语族，请参看具体条目。较大的语言有土耳其语、阿塞拜疆语、土库曼语、哈萨克语、吉尔吉斯语、乌兹别克语、维吾尔语、撒拉语 、蒙古语、芬兰语、爱沙尼亚语和匈牙利语 。

此外，朝鲜语、日语有争议，有学者认为是孤立语言，另有学者认为应属阿尔泰语系（当然也就属于乌拉尔-阿尔泰语系），亦有学者把日语和11种琉球语方言一同编入日本语族。

Ural–Altaic, also Uralo-Altaic or Uraltaic, is an obsolete language-family proposal uniting the Uralic and Altaic languages.

Originally suggested in the 19th century, the hypothesis remained debated into the mid 20th century, often with disagreements exacerbated by pan-nationalist agendas, enjoyed its greatest popularity by the proponents in Britain. Since the 1960s, the hypothesis has been widely rejected. From the 1990s, interest in a relationship between the Altaic, Indo-European and Uralic families has been revived in the context of the Eurasiatic linguistic superfamily hypothesis. Bomhard (2008) treats Uralic, Altaic and Indo-European as Eurasiatic daughter groups on equal footing.