粗鳞矛头蝮（学名：Bothrops asper），又名三色矛头蝮， 是一种大型的矛头蝮蛇，目前并没有任何已确认亚种。其具有与躯干有着明显分别的三角状头部，表面体色偏深而腹部多为米黄色。它们分布于墨西哥南部至南美洲北部一带，主要栖息在各种低地生境并以小型动物为食。因活动范围接近民居，而成为当地蛇咬个案的主要元凶，并因此被认为是有关地区最危险的蛇类；亦因具有高度危险性而被描述为“终极蝮蛇”。其毒液由多种毒素组成，主要破坏肌肉及组织且能造成严重的组织坏死。 不过，致命的蛇咬个案随着医疗科学的进步而不断地减少。

Common names: fer-de-lance, terciopelo (more).

Bothrops asper is a venomous pit viper species ranging from southern Mexico to northern South America. Sometimes referred to as the "ultimate pit viper", these snakes are found in a wide range of lowland habitats, often near human habitations. Its proximity to human habitations is likely the reason why it is considered more dangerous to humans than others. This species is the main cause of snakebite incidents within its range. No subspecies are currently recognized.