蒸汽机是一个能够将水蒸汽中的动能转换为功的热机，由于其中的燃烧过程在热机外部进行，属于热机中的外燃机。泵、火车头和轮船曾使用蒸汽机驱动。蒸汽机在工业革命中起了基本的作用。它为其他机械提供动力 ，还有它的操作不受地理位置及天气情况影响。 今天的核能发电及火力发电仍使用蒸汽涡轮发动机来将热能转换为电能。

蒸汽机需要一个使水沸腾产生高压蒸汽的锅炉，这个锅炉可以使用木头、煤、石油或天然气甚至垃圾作为热源。蒸汽膨胀推动活塞做功。

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.

Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler.