痰盂，亦作痰罐，是一种专门用来收集吐痰时吐出来的唾液或痰涎的器皿。痰盂一般放在餐厅的饭桌下，同时可用来收集烟蒂（从前还有享受过的鼻烟及嚼烟）、食物残渣，亦可作挪进睡房作小孩尿壶之用。但较小型的痰盂，大小有如烟灰缸或冰筒，有时亦会放在桌上。因为卫生缘故，部份痰盂（主要是放在桌上的）会有痰盂盖跟随。为方便提取，有些痰盂会有把手或手挽在旁边。

痰盂在中国并非不可示人之物，例如在1970年代到1980年代中国的国家领导人接见外国元首时，经常可见到他们的座位旁置有痰盂。

A spittoon (or spitoon) is a receptacle made for spitting into, especially by users of chewing and dipping tobacco. It is also known as a cuspidor (which is the Portuguese word for "spitter" or "spittoon", from the verb "cuspir" meaning "to spit"), although that term is also used for a type of spitting sink used in dentistry.