a full subshell has zero angular momentum and is spherically symmetric. 于是,一个已经填满的支壳层的角动量为零,并且是球面对称的。
Here we should point out that the nonideal optical systems are referred to be the apertured or spherically aberrated optical systems. 涉及到的激光光束大体上分成两类:一类是厄米正弦类高斯光束;