工业社会学（Industrial Sociology）是社会学的一门分支，以雇佣劳动和工业为研究对象。工业社会学起源于古典社会学理论家卡尔·马克思、艾弥尔·涂尔干与马克斯·韦伯对工业化的分析，这三位思想家都曾对几个工业发达社会进行比较研究。目前，社会学的这门分支主要关心分工（包括社会分工和技术分工）、工作经验、权力、科学管理、人性关系、科技对工业的影响、工业科层制和劳资关系等。整体而言，工业社会学倾向讨论工厂中劳动者之间或劳资双方的社会关系。

Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines "the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations to the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing patterns of inequality in modern societies and to the changing experiences of individuals and families the ways in which workers challenge, resist and make their own contributions to the patterning of work and shaping of work institutions."