异鼠科（学名：Heteromyidae）又称更格卢鼠科，哺乳纲囓齿目的一科，而更格卢鼠科辖下的动物则有更格卢鼠属（海岛更格卢鼠）、刚毛囊鼠属（刚毛囊鼠）、小囊鼠属（白耳小囊鼠）、棘小囊鼠属（彩棘小囊鼠）、林棘鼠属（林棘鼠）等之数种哺乳动物。

Heteromyidae is a family of rodents comprised by kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, and pocket mice. Most heteromyids live in complex burrows within the deserts and grasslands of western North America, though species within the genera Heteromys and Liomys are also found in forests and their range extends down as far as northern South America. They feed mostly on seeds and other plant parts, which they carry in their fur-lined cheek pouches to their burrows.