The Madeira River (Portuguese:Rio Madeira, [ˈʁi.u mɐˈdejɾɐ]) is a major waterway in South America, approximately 3,250km (2,020mi) long. The Madeira is one of the biggest tributaries of the Amazon. A map from Emanuel Bowen in 1747, held by the David Rumsey Map Collection, refers to the Madeira by the pre-colonial, indigenous name Cuyari: