日本长期信用银行（日本长期信用银行，にっぽんちょうきしんようぎんこう）是日本的一家前长期信用银行，简称“长银”（ちょうぎん），在海外则被称作“LTCB”（Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan）。最初在吉田茂内阁的管理下，日本出现了金融机构贷款的长短之分，一般银行负责短期贷款，而长期贷款则全权交给了所有长期信用银行和信托银行。

日本长期信用银行曾是日本国内最大的长期信用银行之一，在战后日本经济高速发展的时期给了众多企业提供金融资金。但是在90年代初日本泡沫经济崩溃后陷入了严重的不良债务的漩涡，最终在1998年申请了破产保护并被国有化随即被合并，成为第一家被外资控制的日本银行，最终演变成了今天的“新生银行”。

The Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan, Ltd.(株式会社日本長期信用銀行,Kabushiki-kaisha Nippon Chōki Shin'yō Ginkō), abbreviated LTCB in English and Chōgin(長銀) in Japanese, was founded in 1952 under the direction of the Shigeru Yoshida government to provide long-term financing to various industries in Japan. Along with the Industrial Bank of Japan and the Nippon Kangyo Bank, it was one of the major financiers of the postwar economic development of Japan. After extensive problems with bad debt in the 1990s, the bank was nationalized in 1998, and finally sold in 2000 to a group led by US-based Ripplewood Holdings in the first foreign acquisition of a Japanese bank; it is now known as Shinsei Bank.