以东（英语发音：/ˈiː.dʌm/;，希伯来语：אֱדוֹם; 阿卡德语: Udumi; 叙利亚语: ܐܕܘܡ）是闪米特人曾居住过的一个区域，位在南黎凡特，位在犹大山地及死海的南边。圣经中有记录在西元前第一世纪铁器时代的的以东王国，在希腊古典时代也用名源词Idumea来指此地区一个较小的区域。以东这个名字在希伯来文中为「红」，一开始是给以撒的长子、雅各的哥哥以扫的名字。因为他因为红豆汤而将长子的名分卖给弟弟，故得此名。摩西五经、塔纳赫及新约均认为以东人是以扫的后裔。

Edom and Idumea are two related but distinct terms relating to a historically contiguous population, but two separate, if adjacent, territories occupied at different periods of their history by the Edomites/Idumeans. The Edomites first established a biblical kingdom ("Edom") in the southern area of modern Jordan, and later migrated into southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah ("Idumea", or modern southern Israel/Negev) when Judah was first weakened, then destroyed by the Babylonians in the 6th century BC.