The Heidelberg School was an Australian art movement of the late 19th century. The movement has latterly been described as Australian Impressionism.

The term was coined in July 1891 by Melbourne art critic Sidney Dickinson, reviewing the works of Arthur Streeton and Walter Withers. He noted that these and other local artists, who painted en plein air in rural Heidelberg, could be considered as the "Heidelberg School". Since then, the term has evolved and covers painters who worked together at "artists' camps" around Melbourne and Sydney in the 1880s and 1890s. Along with Streeton and Withers, Tom Roberts, Charles Conder and Frederick McCubbin are considered key figures of the movement. Drawing on naturalist and impressionist ideas, they sought to capture Australian life, the bush, and the harsh sunlight that typifies the country.