勘探地球物理学地质学专业术语，是运用地球物理理论和方法研究地球内部结构，对地球的各种物理场分布及其变化进行观测，探索地球本体及近地空间的介质结构、物质组成、形成和演化，研究与其相关的各种自然现象及其变化规律。在此基础上为探测地球内部结构与构造、金属与非金属矿产与油气资源勘查、资源和环境监测提供理论、方法和技术，进行区域地质调查，水文地质与工程地质调查等方面工作,为灾害预报提供重要依据。地球物理学的研究内容总体上可以分为应用和理论地球物理两大类 应用物理学原理勘查地下矿产、研究地质构造的一种方法和理论。简称物探。它在工程建设和环境保护等方面有较广泛的运用。

Geophysical survey is the systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies. Detection and analysis of the geophysical signals forms the core of Geophysical signal processing. The magnetic and gravitational fields emanating from the Earth's interior hold essential information concerning seismic activities and the internal structure. Hence, detection and analysis of the electric and Magnetic fields is very crucial. As the Electromagnetic and gravitational waves are multi-dimensional signals, all the 1-D transformation techniques can be extended for the analysis of these signals as well. Hence this article also discusses multi-dimensional signal processing techniques.