基因铭印（英语：Genomic imprinting）又译遗传印记或遗传铭印（genetic imprinting）是一种遗传学现象，指只有来自特定亲代的基因得以表达，而不遵从孟德尔定律依靠单亲传递某些遗传学性状的现象。此现象已知可见于昆虫、哺乳类动物及开花植物。

在一般二倍体生物的体细胞中拥有两份基因组，通常这两份基因组中的等位基因都能表现。但少数（小于1%）的基因会受到铭印的影响，使其中一份基因失去作用。例如一种制造类胰岛素的生长因子IGF2的基因，只有来自父亲的等位基因能够表现。

Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed. If the allele from the mother is imprinted, then only the allele from the father is expressed. Forms of genomic imprinting have been demonstrated in fungi, plants and animals. As of 2014, there are about 150 imprinted genes known in the mouse and about half that in humans.