中央平原（或作印度河-恒河平原，IndoGangeticPlain，或称印度大平原）地处南亚，是一片富饶、肥沃而古老的土地，平原大致分为巴基斯坦印度河流域部分、旁遮普（Punjab）与哈里亚纳平原区、恒河中下游地区三大部分，分布有恒河与印度河两大水系，跨越印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国，涵盖了印度东北部、巴基斯坦人口最稠密的地区、孟加拉国的大部分，为地球上人口最稠密的地区之一，居住有超过8.5亿的人口。

The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as Indus-Ganga and the North Indian River Plain, is a 255 million hectare (630 million acre) fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the eastern parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. The region is named after the Indus and the Ganges, and encompasses a number of large urban areas. The Indus-Ganga plain is bound on the north by the Himalayas which feed its numerous rivers and are the source of the fertile alluvium deposited across the region by the two river systems. The southern edge of the plain is marked by the Chota Nagpur Plateau. On the west rises the Iranian Plateau.