Game theory
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![An extensive form game](/Images/godic/202501/14/Ultimatum_Game_Extensive_Form.svg5303.png")
![A four-stage centipede game.](/Images/godic/202501/14/Centipede_game.svg5303.png")
![A game of imperfect information (the dotted line represents ignorance on the part of player 2, formally called an information set)](/Images/godic/202501/14/PD_with_outside_option.svg5303.png")
Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers." Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science, biology and poker. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.