冯桂芬（1809年－1874年），字林一，号景亭、晚号邓尉山人，清朝江苏省苏州府吴县木渎镇（今属苏州市吴中区）人，著名思想家、散文家。

冯桂芬出生在富贵家庭，敏而好学，文名极盛。道光二十年（1840年）高中一甲第二名进士（榜眼），授翰林院编修，是***门生。曾充广西乡试正考官。咸丰三年（1853年），太平天国于南京建都，冯桂芬奉命在南京附近的苏州组织团练，与太平军对抗，升右中允。咸丰十年（1860年），太平军攻克苏州，冯桂芬逃往上海，继续参加组织由江浙官绅与英、法、美等国领事组成的全防局，1862年以后参与李鸿章的湘军以协助镇压太平天国运动，以英美兵器经验自创淮军。晚年曾先后在金陵、上海、苏州等书院讲学，从事著述。

Feng Guifen (Chinese:馮桂芬; pinyin:Féng Guìfēn; Wade–Giles:Feng Kuei-fen; 1809 – May 28, 1874, courtesy name Linyi (Chinese:林一; pinyin:Línyī), art name Jingting (Chinese:景亭; pinyin:Jǐngtíng), later art name Dengweishanren (Chinese:鄧尉山人; pinyin:Dèngwèishānrén), jinshi degree 1840) was a scholar during the Qing Dynasty that was a strong contributor to the philosophy of the Self-Strengthening Movement undertaken in the late 19th century. Born to a family of wealthy Suzhou landowners, Feng served as a compiler in Beijing's Hanlin Academy before finally serving as a private secretary to the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Li Hongzhang.