贫铀，也称为贫化铀或耗乏铀或衰变铀等等，英文简写为DU，是一种主要由铀-238构成的物质，为核燃料制程中的的副产物，故也是一种核废料。自然界中的铀，含有约99.27%的铀-238、0.72%的铀-235及0.0055%的铀-234，铀-235可用于核子反应炉或核武器中的核裂变反应材料，但必须先将浓度提高成为浓缩铀才能使用，而在浓缩过程中所排出铀-235浓度更低的废料部份，就称为贫铀，其中铀-235和铀-234的浓度大约只有天然铀的三分之一，放射性则约为天然铀的60%。也有部分贫铀通过再处理已使用的核燃料生产，但这类贫铀会含有铀-236。

Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium. (Natural uranium contains about 0.72% of its fissile isotope U-235, while the DU used by the U.S. Department of Defense contain 0.3% U-235 or less). Uses of DU take advantage of its very high density of 19.1 g/cm (68.4% denser than lead). Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical radiation therapy and industrial radiography equipment, and containers for transporting radioactive materials. Military uses include armor plating and armor-piercing projectiles.