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词汇 De Broglie Wavelength
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

De Broglie Wavelength

中文百科

物质波 Matter wave

（重定向自De Broglie Wavelength）
平面波波包德布罗意波的1维传播，复值波幅的实部以蓝色表示、虚部以绿色表示。在某位置找到粒子的机率（以颜色的不透明度表示）呈波形状延展。

物理学中，物质波（即德布罗意波）系指所有物质的波（见波粒二象性）。

德布罗意说明了波长和动量成反比；频率和总能成正比 之关系，是路易·德布罗意于1923年在他的博士论文提出的。

第一德布罗意方程指出，粒子波长λ（亦称德布罗意波长）和动量p的关系：（下式中普朗克常数h、粒子静质量m、粒子速度v、劳仑兹因子γ和真空光速c）

\lambda = \frac{h}{p} = \frac{h}{\gamma mv} = \frac{h}{mv} \sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2} }

第二德布罗意方程指出频率ν和总能E的关系：

\nu = \frac{E}{h} = \frac{\gamma\,mc^2}{h} = \frac {1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}} \cdot \frac{mc^2}{h}

这两个式子通常写作

p = {h \over \lambda} = \hbar {2\pi \over \lambda} = \hbar k \,
E = h \nu = \hbar \cdot 2\pi \nu = \hbar \omega \,
英语百科

Matter wave 物质波

（重定向自De Broglie Wavelength）
Propagation of de Broglie waves in 1d – real part of the complex amplitude is blue, imaginary part is green. The probability (shown as the color opacity) of finding the particle at a given point x is spread out like a waveform; there is no definite position of the particle. As the amplitude increases above zero the curvature decreases, so the amplitude decreases again, and vice versa. The result is an alternating amplitude: a wave. Top: plane wave. Bottom: wave packet.
Demonstration of a matter wave in diffraction of electrons
平面波波包德布罗意波的1维传播，复值波幅的实部以蓝色表示、虚部以绿色表示。在某位置找到粒子的机率（以颜色的不透明度表示）呈波形状延展。

All matter can exhibit wave-like behavior. For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a water wave. Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being an example of wave–particle duality. The concept that matter behaves like a wave is also referred to as the de Broglie hypothesis (/dəˈbrɔɪ/) due to having been proposed by Louis de Broglie in 1924. Matter waves are often referred to as de Broglie waves.
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