Launched by the Soviets in 1957, the Sputnik was the first satellite in the world.苏联人在一九五七年发射的人造卫星是世界上的第一颗人造卫星。Pavlov was feisty in his opposition to the Soviets, but, aware of his fame, they were forced to ignore his insults.巴甫洛夫对苏联政府持坚决反对的态度,但由于他名声太大,政府官员只得对他的直言攻击装聋作哑了。The plan was opposed by the Soviets.计划遭到了苏联领导人的反对。