慈鲷科，又称丽鱼科或丽鲷科，为辐鳍鱼纲鲈形目的一科，已知约200个属，超过2000种，是硬骨鱼类中的大家族。

慈鲷科是称为隆头鱼亚目一个亚目成员，连同有隆头鱼（隆头鱼科），damselfishes（雀鲷科），和surfperches（海鲫科）。这个科既是大型，又是多样化。至少有1650种已被科学地描述，成为最大的脊椎动物科之一。新品种每年都会被发现，许多品种仍然是未描述。因此这个品种的实际数量是未知的，估计有2000和3000之间变化。饲养在家庭水族箱中，慈鲷科鱼是很受欢迎的淡水鱼。

Cichlids /ˈsɪklᵻdz/ are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. Cichlids are members of a suborder known as Labroidei, along with the wrasses (Labridae), damselfishes (Pomacentridae), and surfperches (Embiotocidae). This family is both large and diverse. At least 1,650 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain undescribed. The actual number of species is therefore unknown, with estimates varying between 2,000 and 3,000. Cichlids are popular freshwater fish kept in the home aquarium.