电脑象棋，是指人工智能象棋对弈软件。电脑象棋软件的制作，分成开局、中盘、残局三个部分，各自有不同的算法，开局主要以保存的开局棋谱为本，中盘与残局则运用审局函数和对局树的计算，但残局必须考虑特例的计算。

最早的电脑程序的象棋游戏是1986年的洛斯阿拉莫斯象棋。由于象棋与西洋棋许多相似之处，再加上电脑西洋棋发展较为成熟，电脑象棋软件设计的架构跟方法大致上都是参考电脑西洋棋。

2006年最好的电脑象棋软件，已可以和顶尖棋士相抗衡。

In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyses chess positions and makes decisions on the best chess moves.

The chess engine decides what moves to make, but typically does not interact directly with the user. Most chess engines do not have their own graphical user interface (GUI) but are rather console applications that communicate with a GUI such as XBoard, WinBoard or glChess via a standard protocol. This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.