Castelfranco Emilia is a town and comune in Italy in the province of Modena, region of Emilia-Romagna. The town lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Bologna.

Castelfranco either occupies or lies near the site of the ancient Forum Gallorum, a place on the Via Aemilia between Modena and Bologna, where in 43 BC Octavian and Hirtius defeated Mark Antony. In 1861 it was joined with the former comune of Piumazzo.