太阳自转是太阳的自转行为，因为太阳由等离子体组成，因此自转速率随纬度的变化而变化。自转速率最快之处为赤道，（纬度φ=0°）,自转速率随纬度的增加而减少。较差自转率由下列等式描述。

ω是以度/日为单位的角速度，φ是太阳对应点纬度，A、B、C为常数。不同得测量结果会影响A，B，C三个常数的值。当前被接受的值是：

Solar rotation is able to vary with latitude because the Sun is composed of a gaseous plasma. The rate of rotation is observed to be fastest at the equator (latitude φ = 0 °), and to decrease as latitude increases. At the equator the solar rotation period is 24.47 days and almost 38 days at the poles. The differential rotation rate is usually described by the equation: