Byzantium's military success was  predominately down to their fabled Greek Fire.

拜占庭的军事成功主要归功于传说中的希腊之火。

The Byzantium army used this ancient form of  napalm to set enemy ships - and troops - ablaze.

拜占庭军队使用这种古老形式的凝固汽油弹来点燃敌方船只和军队。

The Ottoman Turks brought down  the Byzantium Empire in 1453.

奥斯曼土耳其人于 1453 年推翻了拜占庭帝国。

Byzantium was obliterated and continued only as a series of small Greek successor states which were surrounded by western crusader kingdoms and Italian territories.

拜占庭被消灭，仅作为一系列被西方十字军王国和意大利领土包围的小希腊继承国继续存在。

This city began to be called by its Greek name, Byzantium. We therefore speak of the Byzantine Middle Ages as opposed to the Roman Catholic Middle Ages.

这座城市开始以希腊名字拜占庭命名。因此，我们说的是拜占庭中世纪，而不是罗马天主教中世纪。

Emperor Constantine built up the old port  town of Byzantium into a bustling metropolis in just six years. While he called it New  Rome, it became known as Constantinople.

君士坦丁大帝仅用六年时间就将古老的港口城市拜占庭建成了繁华的大都市。虽然他称它为新罗马，但它后来被称为君士坦丁堡。

While the West completely collapsed into a series of barbarian successor kingdoms, starting the European Dark Ages, Byzantium would have its first golden age in the 6th century AD.

当西方完全崩溃为一系列野蛮继承王国，欧洲黑暗时代开始时， 拜占庭将在公元 6 世纪迎来第一个黄金时代。

Best Wishes, John Green And now a note from our sponsor: Today’s episode of crash course is brought o you by the all-new Oldsmobile Byzantium, mixing power and luxury in a way- Really?

Best Wishes, John Green 现在来自赞助商的说明：今天的速成课程是由全新的 Oldsmobile Byzantium 为您带来的，它以某种方式混合了力量和奢华——真的吗？