尼古拉·布尔巴基（法语：Nicolas Bourbaki，法语发音[nikɔla buʀbaki]）是20世纪一群法国数学家的笔名。他们由1935年开始撰写一系列述说对现代高等数学探研所得的书籍。以把整个数学建基于集合论为目的，在过程中，布尔巴基致力于做到最极端的严谨和泛化，创建了些新术语和概念。

布尔巴基是个虚构的人物，布尔巴基团体的正式称呼是“尼古拉·布尔巴基合作者协会”，在巴黎的高等师范学校设有办公室。

Nicolas Bourbaki is the collective pseudonym under which a group of (mainly French) 20th-century mathematicians, with the aim of reformulating mathematics on an extremely abstract and formal but self-contained basis, wrote a series of books beginning in 1935. With the goal of grounding all of mathematics on set theory, the group strove for rigour and generality. Their work led to the discovery of several concepts and terminologies still used, and influenced modern branches of mathematics.