在统计学中，估计量是基于观测数据计算一个已知量的估计值的法则：于是估计量（estimator）、被估量（estimand）和估计值（estimate）是有区别的。

估计量用来估计未知总体的参数，它有时也被称为估计子；一次估计是指把这个函数应用在一组已知的数据集上，求函数的结果。对于给定的参数，可以有许多不同的估计量。我们通过一些选择标准从它们中选出较好的估计量，但是有时候很难说选择这一个估计量比另外一个好。

In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished.

There are point and interval estimators. The point estimators yield single-valued results, although this includes the possibility of single vector-valued results and results that can be expressed as a single function. This is in contrast to an interval estimator, where the result would be a range of plausible values (or vectors or functions).