鳞尾松鼠科（学名：Anomaluridae）是啮齿目的一科，分布于非洲中部和西部的森林地区，均为树栖性。尾部有鳞片。可分为2个亚科：鳞尾松鼠亚科（Anomalurinae）和鳞尾鼯鼠亚科（Zekerellinae），前者外形似松鼠，后者外形似鼯鼠，但均无亲缘关系，属于趋同进化。

Anomaluridae is a family of rodents found in central Africa. They are known as anomalures or scaly-tailed squirrels. There are seven extant species, classified into three genera. Most are brightly coloured.

All but one species of anomalurids have membranes between their front and hind legs like those of a flying squirrel, but they are not thought to be closely related to the flying squirrels that form the tribe Petauristini of the family Sciuridae. They are distinguished by two rows of pointed, raised scales on the undersides of their tails. The anatomy of their heads is quite different from that of the sciurid flying squirrels.