维吉尔·汤姆森（英语：Virgil Thomson，1896年11月25日－****年9月30日），美国作曲家、评论家。早年曾旅居欧洲，与一些新古典主义作曲家，以及法国“六人团”成员结识，并师从娜迪亚·布朗热。后来他曾长期在《纽约先驱论坛报》从事音乐评论，并且创作了各种体裁的音乐作品。著名的作品包括歌剧《三幕剧中的四圣徒》和《我们大家的母亲》等，还有曾获得普利策奖的电影配乐《路易斯安那故事》。作为乐评家，汤姆森为现代音乐的普及做出了重大贡献，而且经常发表一些惊世骇俗的言论，例如攻击西贝柳斯等。

Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 –September 30, ****) was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoclassicist, a composer of "an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment" whose "expressive voice was always carefully muted" until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to "moments of real passion", and a neoromantic.