The Transylvanian Saxons (German:Siebenbürger Sachsen; Hungarian:Erdélyi szászok; Romanian:Sași) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German:Siebenbürgen) from the 12th century onwards.

The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Géza II of Hungary (1141–1162). For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. The colonization continued until the end of the 13th century. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery.