超限数是大于所有有限数（但不必为绝对无限）的基数或序数，分别叫做超穷基数（英语：transfinite cardinal number）和超穷序数（英语：transfinite ordinal number）。术语「超限」（transfinite）是康托尔提出的，他希望避免词语无限（infinite）和那些只不过不是有限（finite）的那些对象有关的某些暗含。当时其他的作者少有这些疑惑；现在被接受的用法是称超限基数或序数为无限的。但是术语「超限」仍在使用。

超穷序数可以确定超穷基数，并导出阿列夫数串行。

Transfinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers, yet not necessarily absolutely infinite. The term transfinite was coined by Georg Cantor, who wished to avoid some of the implications of the word infinite in connection with these objects, which were nevertheless not finite. Few contemporary writers share these qualms; it is now accepted usage to refer to transfinite cardinals and ordinals as "infinite". However, the term "transfinite" also remains in use.