托兰德从基督教开始,经历自然神论,终于倾向泛神论,他宣扬以一种以“真理、自由、健康”为崇拜对象的“新宗教”。托兰德发明了「泛神论」(Pantheism)这个新词语去描述斯宾诺莎及其衍伸的一些哲学思想,从其不同时间的著作思想,也可看出其信仰的变化。其主要著作有《基督教并不神秘》(Christianity not Mysterious,1696)、《上塞琳娜书》(Letters to Serena,1704)、《泛神论者的神像》(Pantheisticon,1720)等。
英语百科
John Toland 约翰·托兰德
(重定向自Toland)
John Toland (30 November 1670 – 11 March 1722) was a rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. Born in Ireland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leiden and Oxford and was influenced by the philosophy of John Locke.