Inflamed airways along with atelectasis and air trapping due to mucus plugs can lead to difficulty breathing and hypoxia.

气管产生炎症，以及黏液栓导致的肺不张以及气体潴留，会导致呼吸困难和缺氧症。

Since the bronchioles are smaller, even a slight increase in mucus can lead to airway obstruction, so this contributes to the majority of the air trapping.

因为细支气管管径更小，即使少量黏液增加也会使其阻塞，大部分气体滞留的原因即此。

Conversely, for air going in, the TLC, or total lung capacity, which is the maximum volume of air that can be taken in or inspired into the lungs, is actually often often higher because of the air trapping.

相反的，吸气时，TLC，也就是肺总量，即吸气时可以被吸入肺中的所有气体量，由于气体残留就会升高。