蛋彩画（英文：Tempera或Egg Tempera），是15世纪的欧洲绘画方式，盛行于文艺复兴初期，主要是将鸡蛋混入绘画颜料当中来绘画，有很多种混合方式。

典型的蛋彩是使用手磨的天然颜料粉，混入蛋黄。基本上是以蛋黄为基材来当颜料。有时也会加入如蜂蜜、水、牛奶（酪奶 casein的形式）、当然还有各种不同的植物性颜料。当油画在中世纪被发明后，蛋彩依然被使用，不过变成加入透明的油，拿来打油画基底或是画完之后的保护层。但不到一世纪的时间，古老的蛋彩画在16世纪就几乎被油画所取代了。

蛋彩画颜料干的时间非常快，因此绘画技巧是一次只上一点点、薄薄的一层，并尽量使用十字体笔触 （cross-hatching）。在蛋彩画没干时，颜色非常浅、干了之后、就会变得深色而带有光泽，色彩层次丰富、透明。

Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size). Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are very long lasting, and examples from the 1st centuries AD still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 when it was superseded by the invention of oil painting. A paint consisting of pigment and glue size commonly used in the United States as poster paint is also often referred to as "tempera paint," although the binders and sizes in this paint are different from traditional tempera paint.