坦噶尼喀湖（英语：Lake Tanganyika）是非洲中部的一个淡水湖，位于3°20′S 29°5′E / 3.333°S 29.083°E / -3.333; 29.083和8°48′S 31°15′E / 8.800°S 31.250°E / -8.800; 31.250之间。是世界第二古老的湖，地质学家研究在100万年前形成，仅次于贝加尔湖，最深处1470公尺，是世界第二深，也仅次于贝加尔湖。面积32,900平方公里，是世界第六大湖。非洲有四个国家都拥有这个湖的一部分，分别是布隆迪、刚果民主共和国（拥有45%）、坦桑尼亚（拥有41%）和赞比亚。

Lake Tanganyika is an African Great Lake. It is estimated to be the second largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, and the second deepest, in both cases, after only Lake Baikal in Siberia; it is also the world's longest freshwater lake. The lake is divided among four countries – Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, and Zambia, with Tanzania (46%) and DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. The water flows into the Congo River system and ultimately into the Atlantic Ocean.