塘虱鱼科（学名：Clariidae）是辐鳍鱼纲鲇形目的其中一科淡水鱼，统称塘虱。塘虱主要在夜间出没，以进食小鱼、虾及昆虫维生。

塘虱鱼科下分15个属，如下：

Airbreathing catfishes are fishes comprising the family Clariidae of order Siluriformes. There are about 14 genera and about 116 species of clariids. All the clariids are freshwater species.