That damage is known as synaptopathy, and it's one common type of hearing loss.
这种损害被称为突触病，这是听力损失的一种常见类型。
英语百科
Synaptopathy
A synaptopathy is a disease relating to the dysfunction of the synapse. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's. Increasing knowledge of the genetic basis of these diseases has linked proteins to the function of the synapse. Age-related cochlear synaptic and neural degeneration has also been demonstrated in mice.