斯瓦尔巴（挪威语：Svalbard）是位于北极地区的群岛，或意译为冷岸群岛，是挪威最北界的国土范围。它坐落在欧洲大陆北方，约伫立于挪威大陆与北极点两者正中间。群岛横跨北纬74°到 81°、东经10°到35°。斯匹兹卑尔根岛（或称史匹兹卑尔根岛）是群岛中最大的岛屿，接着是东北地岛与厄齐岛，故群岛也称斯匹次卑尔根群岛（或称史匹兹卑尔根群岛）。斯瓦巴群岛的首府为朗伊尔城，其他的居住地、研究基地，则有隶属俄罗斯的采矿聚落巴伦支堡，研究中心新奥尔松，以及采矿基地斯维格卢瓦。群岛的最高行政首长是斯瓦巴总督。

Svalbard (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsʋɑ(ː)lbɑːɾ] ; formerly known by its Dutch name Spitsbergen) is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Situated north of mainland Europe, it is about midway between continental Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya.