Ground-level power supply

Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection and Alimentation par le Sol (APS, which literally means feeding via the ground), is a modern method of third-rail electrical pick-up for street trams. It was invented for the Bordeaux tramway (Tramway de Bordeaux), which was constructed from 2000 and opened in 2003. Until 2011, this was the only place it was used, with proposals to install it elsewhere. Reims has adopted this technology for its new Reims Tramway (Tramway de Reims), which was opened in 2011, as have Angers (Tramway d'Angers) and Dubai (Al Sufouh Tram).