特设天体物理台（英语：Special Astrophysical Observatory，缩写为SAO RAS；俄语：Специальная Астрофизическая Обсерватория）是USSR于1966年建设的一个天文的观测所，现在由俄罗斯科学院运作。建筑位在大高加索山靠近下阿尔汉村的波修瓦山谷中，所中安装了巨大的BTA-6光学望远镜和RATAN-600电波望远镜。这两架仪器相隔了约20公里远。

The Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russian:Специальная Астрофизическая Обсерватория), or SAO RAS for short, is an astronomical observatory, set up in 1966 in the USSR, now operated by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based in the Bolshoi Zelenchuk Valley of the Greater Caucasus near the village of Nizhny Arkhyz, the observatory houses the large BTA-6 and RATAN-600, an optical and radio telescope, respectively. The two instruments are about 20 km (12 mi) apart.