鲉科（学名：Scorpaenidae）是辐鳍鱼纲鲉形目的一个科，又称狮子鱼、火焰鱼、火鸡鱼。

鲉的鱼鳍上都有尖锐的毒刺，全身都具有毒性，毒性为神经毒，如过不小心被刺伤，须迅速就医。

Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfish, are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As the name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. The family is a large one, with hundreds of members. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, but mostly found in the Indo-Pacific. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family (Cottidae).