兔猴科（Adapidae）是多样及已灭绝的灵长目，主要于5500-3400万年前始新世开始演化的。当中一个专有的亚洲特有种（西瓦兔猴）生存至中新世。兔猴科的化石主要在北美洲、欧洲、亚洲及非洲发现。牠们是始新世两类分布至全北区的灵长目之一，另一类则是始镜猴科。

大部份兔猴科的特征包括细小的眼眶、长吻突、适合吃叶或果实的颊齿、并相对较重的身型（一般重于1公斤）。但是于始新世早期至中期的欧洲特有种（如Anchomomys）则很细小，少于约250克，并且是部份吃昆虫的。在如假熊猴属及兔猴属等都有细小的眼眶，可见牠们可能是白天活动的。始新世末期欧洲最少有一类兔猴科（原懒猴属）有大的眼眶，并可能是晚间活动的。

Adapidae is a family of extinct primates that primarily radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 and 34 million years ago.

Adapid systematics and evolutionary relationships are controversial, but there is fairly good evidence from the postcranial skeleton (everything but the skull, or cranium) that adapids were stem strepsirrhines (members of the group including the living lemurs, lorises, and bushbabies). In particular, the anatomy of the adapid wrist and ankle (e.g., position of the groove for the flexor fibularis tendon on the talus, the presence of a sloping talo-fibular facet) show derived similarities with those of living strepsirrhines. However, adapids lacked many of the anatomical specializations characteristic of living strepsirrhines, such as a toothcomb, a toilet-claw on the second pedal digit, and a reduction in the size of the promontory branch of the internal carotid artery.