牛瘟病毒（英语：Rinderpest，cattle plague或steppe murrain），是一种具感染性的牛只病毒，会引起牛瘟。这种病毒性疾病主要传染于水牛之间，但其他野生品种也有致病的记录。科学家相信，它最早起源于亚洲，在成吉思汗东征之后，传播至中东、欧洲及非洲。症状是造成牛只发生高烧，口部溃烂，腹泻，淋巴坏死，有很高的致死率。

最后一个牛瘟病毒病例在2001年被确认，2010年10月14日，联合国粮食及农业组织宣布这种病毒已经绝迹。这是自天花绝迹以来，人类史上第二次消灭病毒性疾病，被形容是兽医史上最大的成就之一。

Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope and deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, tenesmus, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air. After a global eradication campaign, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.