刺角蜂科（Rhopalosomatidae）是膜翅目胡蜂总科下的一个科，现存仅有四属六十八种，此外还有三个化石属。

刺角蜂科的成年体和蚂蚁很像，容易被混淆。身体泛黄有红色或褐色标记，但也有全身都是褐色的种。有翅膀的种在夜间飞行，其他则在白天活动。它们是独居生物，幼虫寄生在直翅目生物身上。成年体有两个或以上的触觉节有棘突。后足胫节端鬃有弯曲的刺。

其下的属中，Rhopalosoma分布于南北美洲，共17个种，其中大部分又生活在中南美洲。Olixon下有26个种，分布于南北美洲及非洲、澳大利亚。Paniscomima下有11个种，生活在东南亚、马达加斯加、非洲大陆。Liosphex下游14个种，大多数发现于美国南部到中南美洲的地区内，此外L. trichopleurum生活在菲律宾和印尼。

Rhopalosomatidae is a family of Hymenoptera containing about 68 extant species in four genera that are found worldwide. Three fossil genera are known.

The adults resemble ants and may be confused with them. They are yellowish with red or brown markings, but may be all brown in colour. Winged species are usually nocturnal, while wingless or reduced-wing species are mainly diurnal. They are solitary, and the larvae are ectoparasitic on orthopteran nymphs. Adults have the tips of two or more antennal segments with spines. The hindwing (when present) has distinct claval and jugal lobes. The metatibia has a calcar or curved spur.