Reliability theory
（重定向自Reliability testing）
Reliability theory describes the probability of a system completing its expected function during an interval of time. It is the basis of reliability engineering, which is an area of study focused on optimizing the reliability, or probability of successful functioning, of systems, such as airplanes, linear accelerators, and any other product. It developed apart from the mainstream of probability and statistics. It was originally a tool to help nineteenth century maritime insurance and life insurance companies compute fair-value rates to charge their customers. Even today, the terms "failure rate" and "hazard rate" are often used interchangeably.